Nā huahana valve no ka mākeke ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo

1. Ikehu ʻŌmaʻomaʻo ma ka Honua
Wahi a ka International Energy Agency (IEA), e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hana ʻana o ka ikehu maʻemaʻe i ka makahiki 2030. ʻO nā kumu ikehu maʻemaʻe e ulu wikiwiki nei, ʻo ia ka makani a me ka lā, nona ka 12% o ka nui o ka ikehu uila i ka makahiki 2022, he 10% mai ka makahiki 2021. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo ʻEulopa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOiai ua hōʻemi ʻo BP i kāna hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana i ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke hoʻomau nei nā hui ʻē aʻe, e like me Empresa Nazionale dell'Electricità (Enel) o Italia a me Energia Portuguesa (EDP) o Pokukala, i ka hoʻoikaika nui ʻana. ʻO ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa, ka mea i hoʻoholo e hakakā me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kina, ua hōʻemi i nā ʻae no nā papahana ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka ʻae ʻana i nā kākoʻo aupuni kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa i kēia ke kākoʻo ikaika mai Kelemania, ka mea e manaʻo nei e hana i 80% o kāna uila mai nā mea hou i ka makahiki 2030 a ua kūkulu i 30 gigawatts (GW) o ka mana makani ma waho.

Ke ulu nei ka mana uila ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi 12.8% koʻikoʻi i ka makahiki 2022. Ua hoʻolaha ʻo Saudi Arabia e hoʻokomo kālā ʻo ia i $266.4 biliona i ka ʻoihana mana uila ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke hana ʻia nei ka hapa nui o nā papahana e Masdar, kahi hui ikehu United Arab Emirates e hana nei ma ka Hikina Waena, ʻAsia Waena a me ʻApelika. Ke kū nei hoʻi ka ʻāina ʻApelika i nā hemahema ikehu i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka mana hydropower. ʻO ʻApelika Hema, ka mea i ʻike i nā blackouts pinepine, ke koi nei i nā kānāwai e wikiwiki i nā papahana mana. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e kālele ana i nā papahana mana e komo pū me Zimbabwe (kahi e kūkulu ai ʻo Kina i kahi hale hana mana lana), Morocco, Kenya, ʻAitiopa, Zambia a me ʻAigupita. Ke hopu nei hoʻi ka papahana mana uila o Australia, me ke aupuni o kēia manawa e pāpālua ana i ka helu o nā papahana ikehu maʻemaʻe i ʻae ʻia a hiki i kēia manawa. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻolālā hoʻomohala ikehu maʻemaʻe i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i Kepakemapa i hala e hoʻolilo ʻia he $40 biliona no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā hale hana mana lanahu i nā hale hana ikehu hou. Ke huli nei i ʻAsia, ua hoʻopau ka ʻoihana mana solar o India i kahi nalu o ka ulu pahū, e ʻike ana i ka pani ʻana o ke kinoea kūlohelohe, akā ua mau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lanahu i ka nui o ka loli. E hāʻawi aku ka ʻāina i 8 GW o nā papahana mana makani i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka makahiki 2030. Hoʻolālā ʻo Kina e kūkulu i 450 GW o nā mea kanu mana lā a me ka makani me ka mana kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka ʻāina ʻo Gobi Desert.

2. Nā huahana valve no ka mākeke ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo
Nui nā manawa kūpono ʻoihana ma nā ʻano hana valve āpau. ʻO OHL Gutermuth, no ka laʻana, loea i nā valves kaomi kiʻekiʻe no nā mea kanu mana solar. Ua hoʻolako pū ka ʻoihana i nā valves kūikawā no ka mea kanu mana solar nui loa o Dubai a ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kākāʻōlelo no ka mea hana lako Kina ʻo Shanghai Electric Group. Ma mua o kēia makahiki, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Valmet e hoʻolako ia i nā hoʻonā valve no kahi mea kanu hydrogen ʻōmaʻomaʻo gigawatt-scale.

ʻO ka papa hana huahana a Samson Pfeiffer e komo pū ana me nā kiwikā pani aunoa no ka hana hydrogen aloha i ke kaiapuni a me nā kiwikā no nā hale hana electrolysis. I ka makahiki i hala, ua hoʻolako ʻo AUMA i kanahā mau actuators i kahi hale hana mana geothermal hanauna hou ma ka ʻāina ʻo Chinshui o ka Panalāʻau ʻo Taiwan. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e kū i kahi kaiapuni ʻino loa, no ka mea, e hōʻike ʻia lākou i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā kinoea acidic.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana hana, ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Waters Valve i ka hoʻolalelale ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻonui i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kāna huahana, a ua kūpaʻa i ka hāpai ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻomohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana o ka ʻoihana, e hoʻolalelale ana i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā huahana hao a me ke kila, e like me nā valves butterfly (nā kiwikā pulelehua wafer, nā kiwikā pulelehua laina waena,nā kiwikā pepeke sila palupalu, nā kiwikā pulelehua laholio, a me nā kiwikā pulelehua anawaena nui), nā kiwikā poepoe (nā kiwikā hemispherical eccentric), nā kiwikā nānā, nā kiwikā hoʻokuʻu wai, nā kiwikā counterbalance, nā kiwikā hoʻōki,nā kiwikā pukaa pēlā aku, a me ka lawe mai i nā huahana ʻōmaʻomaʻo. E hoʻokuke i nā huahana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke ao nei.