Nānā nui
Valvehe huahana koʻikoʻi i ka mīkini maʻamau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o nā paipu like ʻole a i ʻole nā mea hana e hoʻomalu i ke kahe o ka waena ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wahi o ke kahawai i loko o ka valve. ʻO kāna mau hana: hoʻohui a ʻoki ʻia i ka waena, pale i ke kahe ʻana i hope, hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana e like me ke kaomi ʻana a me ke kahe ʻana, hoʻololi i ke ala kahe o ka waena, hoʻokaʻawale i ka waena a pale paha i nā pipelines a me nā lako mai ka overpressure, etc.
Nui nā ʻano o nā huahana valve, i māhele ʻia ikiwi puka, pāpū honua,hoʻopaʻa pahu, pahu kinipopo,lele lele. E like me ka mea, ua maheleia i ke keleawe kila, hoolei hao, kalapona kila, hao hao, austenitic kila, ferritic-austenitic lua-phase kila, nickel-ma muli o ka hao, titanium huila, 'enekinia plastics a me ka ceramic kiwikā, etc. , aia nā pahu kūikawā e like me nā puʻupuʻu ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, nā pahu pahu, nā pahu mana mana, nā pahu no nā paipu a me nā paipu, nā pahu no kaʻoihana nukili, nā pahu no ka nā moku a me nā pahu cryogenic. Ka laulā o nā ʻāpana valve, ka nui inoa mai DN1 (unit in mm) a i DN9750; kaomi nominal mai ultra-vacuum o 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) i ke kaomi ki'eki'e loa o PN14600 (unit o 105 Pa); Aia ka mahana hana mai ka wela ha'aha'a loa o -269℃i ka wela kiʻekiʻe loa o 1200℃.
Nā huahana valve hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina, e like me ka aila, ke kinoea maoli, ka aila a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana a me nā ʻōnaehana kaʻa pipeline, nā huahana kemika, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻōnaehana meaʻai, hydropower, thermal power and nuclear power production system; Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻano valve like ʻole i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana a me ka mana, nā ʻōnaehana hana metallurgical, nā ʻōnaehana wai no nā moku, nā kaʻa, nā mokulele a me nā mīkini haʻuki like ʻole, a me nā ʻōnaehana wai a me nā ʻōnaehana wai no ka ʻāina mahiʻai. Eia kekahi, ma nā kahua o nā ʻenehana hou e like me ka pale a me ka aerospace, hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻano valve me nā waiwai kūikawā.
ʻO nā huahana Valve ka hapa nui o nā huahana mechanical. Wahi a nā helu helu o nā ʻāina ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka waiwai hoʻopuka o nā valves e pili ana i ka 5% o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ka ʻoihana mīkini holoʻokoʻa. Wahi a nā helu helu, he 28,000 mau pahu kaʻa kaʻana like ʻana o kahi mea kanu nuklea kuʻuna i haku ʻia me ʻelua miliona kilowatt, a ma kahi o 12,000 he mau mokuahi nuklea. ʻO kahi paʻakikī petrochemical nui hou e koi ai i nā haneli haneli o nā kiwi like ʻole, a ʻo ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i nā valves ma ke ʻano he 8% a 10% o ka huina kālā i nā lako.
Kūlana maʻamau o ka ʻoihana valve ma Kina kahiko
01 Ka wahi hānau o ka ʻoihana valve o Kina: Shanghai
Ma Kina kahiko, ʻo Shanghai ka wahi mua e hana ai i nā kīwaha ma Kina. I ka makahiki 1902, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, aia ma Wuchang Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, e hana i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā kīʻaha kīʻaha ma ka lima. He ʻano moa keleawe i hoʻolei ʻia ka faucet teapot. ʻO ia ka mea hana valve mua loa ma Kina i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa. I ka makahiki 1919, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (ka mea ma mua o Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) mai kahi kaʻa kaʻa liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaka e hana i nā moa keleawe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, nā kīwaha honua, nā ʻīpuka puka a me nā hydrants ahi. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā kiwi hao hao i ka makahiki 1926, me ka nui o ka inoa inoa ʻoi loa o NPS6 (ma nā iniha, NPS1 = DN25.4). I loko o kēia manawa, ua wehe ʻia nā hale hana lako e like me Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao a me Maoxu e hana i nā kiwi. Ma hope iho, ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā kīwī paipu ma ka mākeke, ua wehe ʻia kekahi pūʻulu o nā ʻoihana lako, nā hale hana hao, nā hale hana one (casting) a me nā ʻoihana mīkini e hana i nā kīwaha ma hope o kekahi.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui hana valve ma nā wahi o Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road a me Changzhi Road ma Hongkou District, Shanghai. I kēlā manawa, ʻo nā hōʻailona kūʻai maikaʻi loa ma ka mākeke kūloko ʻo "Horse Head", "Three 8", "Three 9", "Double Coin", "Iron Anchor", "Chicken Ball" a me "Eagle Ball". Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hao pahu pahu no nā kiwi paipu i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā keʻena maʻemaʻe, a ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ka liʻiliʻi o nā pahu hao hao ma ka ʻoihana lole lole māmā. He ʻuʻuku loa kēia mau hale hana, me ka ʻenehana hope, nā mea kanu maʻalahi a me nā puka valve haʻahaʻa, akā ʻo lākou ka wahi hānau mua loa o ka ʻoihana valve o Kina. Ma hope mai, ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Shanghai Construction Hardware Association, ua hui pū kēia mau mea hana valve i ka hui ma hope o kekahi a lilo i hui wai. lālā.
02 ʻElua mau mea kanu valve nunui
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1930, ua hana ʻo Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory i nā ʻīpuka hao haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma lalo o NPS12 no ka hana wai. I ka makahiki 1935, ua hoʻokumu ka hale hana i kahi hui pū me Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory a me Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. nā mea kuleana e kūkulu i Daxin Iron Factory (ka mea mua o Shanghai Bicycle Factory), ma 1936 Hoʻopau a hoʻokomo i ka hana, aia ma kahi o 100 mau limahana. , me 2.6 zhang (1 zhang≈3.33m) nā lathes a me nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, ka mea nui e hana ana i nā mea hana ʻenehana a me nā mea mining, hoʻolei i nā paipu wai hao a me nā pahu hao, ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka valve ʻo NPS6 ~ NPS18, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻolālā a hāʻawi i nā ʻāpana piha piha no nā mea kanu wai, a lawe ʻia nā huahana i Nanjing, Hangzhou a me Beijing. Ma hope o ka “August 13″ ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua o Iapana i Shanghai i ka makahiki 1937, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu a me nā mea hana i loko o ka hale hana e nā pū kī a Iapana. I ka makahiki aʻe, hoʻonui ʻia ke kapikala a hoʻomaka hou i ka hana. NPS14 ~ NPS36 i hoʻolei ʻia i nā ʻīpuka hao, akā ma muli o ke kaumaha o ka hoʻokele waiwai, nā ʻoihana palaualelo, a me nā hana austerity, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla a hiki i ka pō o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o New Kina.
I ka makahiki 1935, ʻelima mau mea kuleana e like me Li Chenghai, he kanaka pāʻoihana aupuni, i hoʻokumu pū ʻia ʻo Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (ka mea mua o Tieling Valve Factory) ma ke alanui Shishiwei, Nancheng District, Shenyang City. Hoʻoponopono a hana i nā kiwi. Ma 1939, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hale hana i Beierma Road, Tiexi District no ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ua kūkulu ʻia ʻelua mau hale hana nui no ka hoʻolei ʻana a me ka mīkini. Ma ka makahiki 1945, ua ulu ia i 400 mau limahana, a ʻo kāna mau huahana nui: nā boilers nui, nā kiwi keleawe keleawe, a me nā kiwi puka hao ma lalo o ka honua me ka nui o ka inoa ma lalo o DN800. ʻO Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory kahi mea hana valve e hakakā nei e ola ma Kina kahiko.
03 ʻO ka ʻoihana valve ma hope
I ka wā o ke Kaua Anti-Iapana, nui nā ʻoihana ma Shanghai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe i neʻe i ke komohana hema, no laila ua piʻi ka nui o nā ʻoihana ma Chongqing a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma hope, a hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana e ulu. I ka makahiki 1943, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory a me Huachang Machinery Factory (ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻelua nā mea mua o Chongqing Valve Factory) i hoʻomaka e hoʻoponopono a hana i nā ʻāpana paipu a me nā puʻu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, he mea nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana kaua ma hope a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kīwila. kiwikā. Ma hope o ka lanakila o ka Anti-Japanese War, Lisheng Hardware Factory, Zhenxing Industrial Society, Jinshunhe Hardware Factory a me Qiyi Hardware Factory i wehe ʻia e hana i nā kiwi liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o New China, ua hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau hale hana i Chongqing Valve Factory.
I kēlā manawa, kekahinā mea hana valvema Shanghai ua hele pū i Tianjin, Nanjing a me Wuxi e kūkulu i nā hale hana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā valve. ʻO kekahi mau hale hana lako, nā hale paipu hao, nā ʻoihana mīkini a i ʻole nā hale moku ma Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou a me Guangzhou ua hana pū kekahi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau pahu paipu.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-21-2022
