ʻO ka ʻike kumu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka corrosion valve

ʻO ka corrosion kekahi o nā mea nui loa i kumukiwikāpoino. No laila, makiwikāpale, valve anti-corrosion he mea nui e noonoo.

Valveʻano ʻino
ʻO ka corrosion o nā metala ka mea maʻamau e ka chemical corrosion a me ka electrochemical corrosion, a ʻo ka corrosion o nā mea non-metallic i kumu maʻamau e nā hana kemika a me ke kino.
1. ʻAi kemika
Ma lalo o ke kūlana ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia, hoʻopili pololei ke ʻano a puni me ka metala a hoʻopau iā ia, e like me ka corrosion o ke metala e ke kinoea maloʻo maloʻo kiʻekiʻe a me ka hopena non-electrolytic.
2. Galvanic corrosion
Hoʻopili ka metala me ka electrolyte, ka hopena o ke kahe ʻana o nā electrons, ka mea e hoʻopōʻino ʻia e ka hana electrochemical, ʻo ia ke ʻano nui o ka corrosion.
ʻO ka ʻinoʻino waika-paʻa paʻakai maʻamau, ka ʻinoʻino o ka lewa, ka ʻino o ka lepo, ka ʻinoʻino o ka wai kai, ka ʻino microbial, ka ʻinoʻino pitting a me ka ʻino ʻana o ka lua o ke kila kila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki wale ka ʻino electrochemical ma waena o ʻelua mau mea hiki ke pāʻani i ka hana kemika, akā hoʻopuka pū kekahi i nā ʻokoʻa ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka hopena, ka ʻokoʻa o ka oxygen a puni, ka ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o ka mea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a loaʻa ka mana o ka corrosion, i nalowale ke metala me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ke kūlana o ka pā lā maloʻo.

ʻO ka pōʻino o ka valve
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nui o ka corrosion i ʻeono papa:
(1) Paʻa i ka corrosion: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka corrosion ma mua o 0.001 mm / makahiki
(2) Paʻa ʻino loa: ka nui o ka corrosion 0.001 a 0.01 mm / makahiki
(3) Ke kū'ēʻana i ke kino: 0.01 a hiki i ka 0.1 mm / makahiki
(4) Paʻa ka corrosion: 0.1 a hiki i ka 1.0 mm / makahiki
(5) Poor corrosion kū'ē: corrosion rate 1.0 i 10 mm / makahiki
(6) ʻAʻole kū i ka corrosion: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka corrosion ma mua o 10 mm / makahiki

ʻEiwa mau hana anti-corrosion
1. E koho i ka corrosion-resistant e like me ka corrosive medium
I ka hana maoli, he paʻakikī loa ka corrosion o ka medium, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea valve i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke ʻano like like, ʻokoʻa ka ʻike, ka mahana a me ke kaomi ʻana o ka medium, a ʻaʻole like ka corrosion o ka medium i ka mea. No kēlā me kēia 10 ° C hoʻonui i ka mahana wela, piʻi ka nui o ka corrosion ma kahi o 1 ~ 3 mau manawa.
He mana nui ko ke kuʻekuʻe waena i ka corrosion o ka mea valve, e like me ke alakaʻi i loko o ka sulfuric acid me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, liʻiliʻi loa ka corrosion, a i ka wā i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 96%, piʻi nui ka corrosion. ʻO ke kila kalapona, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka corrosion i ka wā e pili ana ka sulfuric acid i ka 50%, a i ka wā e piʻi ai ka ʻike ma mua o 60%, e emi loa ka corrosion. No ka laʻana, alumini ka loa corrosive i loko o ka nitric waika me ka nui o ka oi ma mua o 80%, akā, he seriously corrosive ma waena a me ka haʻahaʻa hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka nitricʻakika, a kuhiliʻole kila mea loa kū'ē i ka dilute nitricʻakika, akā, ua aggravated ma oi ma mua o 95% nitric acid.
Mai nā hiʻohiʻona i luna nei, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke koho pololei ʻana o nā mea valve e pili ana i ke kūlana kikoʻī, e nānā i nā mea like ʻole e pili ana i ka corrosion, a koho i nā mea e like me nā manual anti-corrosion pili.
2. E hoʻohana i nā mea metala ʻole
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion non-metallic, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ka mahana a me ke kaomi o ka valve e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā mea non-metallic, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono wale i ka pilikia corrosion, akā mālama pū kekahi i nā metala makamae. Hana ʻia ke kino valve, ka pāpale, ka lining, ka ʻili hoʻopaʻa a me nā mea hana ʻole i hoʻohana mau ʻia.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā plastics e like me PTFE a me ka polyether chlorinated, a me ka ʻōpala maoli, neoprene, nitrile rubber a me nā rubbers ʻē aʻe no ka lining valve, a ʻo ke kino nui o ka bonnet body valve i hana ʻia i ka hao a me ke kila kalapona. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka ikaika o ka valve, akā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō hoʻi ʻaʻole i ʻino ka valve.
I kēia mau lā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā plastics e like me ka nylon a me ka PTFE, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau kūlohelohe a me ka synthetic rubber no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa like ʻole a me nā apo sealing, i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā valve like ʻole. ʻO kēia mau mea non-metallic i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka sealing surfaces ʻaʻole wale ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion resistance, akā maikaʻi nō hoʻi ka hana hoʻopaʻa ʻana, i kūpono loa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka media me nā ʻāpana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua emi ka ikaika a me ka wela, a ua palena ka laulā o nā noi.
3. Metala ili lapaau
(1) Ka pilina pili: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka snail pili valve me ka galvanizing, chrome plating, a me ka oxidation (blue) e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hiki ke pale aku i ka atmospheric a me ka corrosion medium. Ma kahi o nā ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, ua mālama ʻia nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻē aʻe me ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili e like me ka phosphating e like me ke kūlana.
(2) Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili a me nā ʻāpana i pani ʻia me ke anawaena liʻiliʻi: hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻina hana e like me ka nitriding a me ka boronizing e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kūpaʻa ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana.
(3) Stem anti-corrosion: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana nui ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kūpaʻa corrosion, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion.
Pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻokoʻa no nā mea kumu a me nā wahi hana, i ka lewa, ka wai mahu a me ka asbestos packing contact stem, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka chrome plating paʻakikī, ke kaʻina hana nitriding gas (ʻaʻole pono ke hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila nitriding ion): i ka hydrogen sulfide atmospheric environment me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka electroplating high phosphorus nickel coating i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana; Hiki i ka 38CrMOAIA ke pale i ka corrosion e ka ion a me ke kinoea nitriding, akā ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi chrome paʻakikī; Hiki i ka 2Cr13 ke pale aku i ka corrosion ammonia ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a ʻo ke kila kalapona e hoʻohana ana i ka nitriding kinoea hiki ke pale aku i ka corrosion amonia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpaʻa nā papa phosphorus-nickel plating i ka corrosion amonia, a ʻo ke kinoea nitriding 38CrMOAIA mea he maikaʻi maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa ʻana a me ka hana piha, a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia.
(4) ʻO ke kino pahu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka huila lima: Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ia i ka chrome-plated e hoʻomaikaʻi i kona kūpaʻa ʻana a hoʻonani i ka valve.
4. Hoʻopuʻi wela
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wela he ʻano kaʻina hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā uhi, a ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻenehana hou no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻili. He ʻano hana hoʻoikaika kino ia e hoʻohana ai i nā kumu wela kiʻekiʻe o ka ikehu (ke ahi puhi ahi, uila arc, plasma arc, hoʻomehana uila, pahū kinoea, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e wela a hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea metala a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea non-metallic, a pīpī iā lākou i ka ʻili kumu pretreated ma ke ʻano o ka atomization e hana i ka uhi ʻana, a i ʻole ka wela i ka ʻili kumu i ka manawa like, i mea e hoʻoikaika hou ai ka uhi ʻana i ka ʻili o ka substrate. papa wiliwili.
Hiki ke uhi ʻia ka hapa nui o nā metala a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻoheheʻe, metala oxide ceramics, cermet composites a me nā pūhui metala paʻakikī e hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o ka metala a i ʻole nā ​​mea metala ʻole e hoʻokahi a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻano hoʻoheheʻe wela, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana o ka ʻili, ka pale ʻana, ke kū ʻana o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe, a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wela i ka uhi hana kūikawā, me ka insulation wela, ka insulation (a i ʻole ka uila maʻamau), hiki ke hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, ka lubrication ponoʻī, ka radiation thermal, ka pale electromagnetic a me nā waiwai kūikawā ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai wela ke hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana.
5. E kāpī i ka pena
ʻO ka uhi ʻana he ʻano anti-corrosion i hoʻohana nui ʻia, a he mea pono ʻole ka anti-corrosion a me ka hōʻailona ʻike ma nā huahana valve. ʻO ka uhi ʻana he mea non-metallic, ka mea maʻamau i hana ʻia me ka resin synthetic, rubber slurry, ʻaila ʻaila, solvent, etc., e uhi ana i ka ʻili metala, hoʻokaʻawale i ka waena a me ka lewa, a hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka anti-corrosion.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā uhi i ka wai, ka wai paʻakai, ka wai kai, ka lewa a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ʻino loa. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka lua o loko o ka valve me ka pena anticorrosive e pale ai i ka wai, ka ea a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka ʻino ʻana i ka valve.
6. E hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe corrosion
ʻO ke ʻano hana e hoʻomalu ai ka corrosion inhibitors i ka corrosion ʻo ia ka mea e hāpai i ka polarization o ka pā. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka corrosion inhibitors i ka media a me nā mea hoʻopihapiha. Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea hoʻopaneʻe corrosion i ka waena ke hoʻolohi i ka ʻino o nā mea hana a me nā valve, e like me ka chromium-nickel stainless steel i loko o ka oxygen-free sulfuric acid, kahi nui solubility i loko o kahi kūlana cremation, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka corrosion, akā e hoʻohui i kahi liʻiliʻi o ke keleawe sulfate a i ʻole ka nitric acid a me nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kila kila i loko o ke ʻano o ka blunt state. hydrochloric acid, inā hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka oxidant, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka corrosion o ka titanium.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka valve e like me ke ʻano no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi, kahi maʻalahi ke kumu o ka corrosion o kakiwikā, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka sodium nitrite i ka wai hiki ke pale i ka ʻino o ka valve e ka wai. Loaʻa ka chloride i ka asbestos packing, kahi e hoʻopau nui ai i ke kumu o ka valve, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻike chloride inā hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano holoi holoi wai, akā paʻakikī loa kēia ʻano hana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolaha nui ʻia, a kūpono wale no nā pono kūikawā.
I mea e pale ai i ka ʻōpala valve a pale i ka ʻino o ka asbestos packing, i ka asbestos packing, ua uhi ʻia ka corrosion inhibitor a me nā metala ʻālana ma luna o ke kumu valve, ʻo ka corrosion inhibitor i haku ʻia me ka sodium nitrite a me ka sodium chromate, hiki ke hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation ma ka ʻili o ke kumu valve a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōpala valve hiki ke pāʻani mālie i ka corrosion. hana lubricating; ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka zinc kekahi mea hoʻopaneʻe corrosion, hiki ke hui mua me ka chloride i ka asbestos, no laila e hoʻemi nui ʻia ka chloride a me ka manawa pili metala, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka anti-corrosion.
7. Palekana electrochemical
ʻElua ʻano o ka pale electrochemical: pale anodic a me ka pale cathodic. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka zinc no ka pale ʻana i ka hao, ua ʻino ʻia ka zinc, ua kapa ʻia ka zinc i ka metala mōhai, i ka hana hana, hoʻohana ʻia ka pale anode, ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale cathodic. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano pale cathodic no nā valves nui a me nā valve koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia ke ʻano waiwai, maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi, a ua hoʻohui ʻia ka zinc i ka paʻi asbestos e pale i ke kumu valve.
8. E hoʻomalu i ke kaiapuni corrosive
ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia he ʻelua ʻano o ka manaʻo ākea a me ke ʻano haiki, ʻo ka manaʻo ākea o ke kaiapuni e pili ana i ke kaiapuni a puni ka wahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka valve a me kona ʻano kaila i loko, a ʻo ke ʻano haiki o ke kaiapuni e pili ana i nā kūlana a puni ka wahi hoʻokomo valve.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kaiapuni, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā kaʻina hana hana. I ka hihia wale nō ʻaʻole e pōʻino i ka huahana a me ke kaʻina hana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaiapuni, e like me ka deoxygenation o ka wai paila, hoʻohui alkali i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila e hoʻoponopono ai i ka waiwai PH, a pēlā aku.
Ua piha ka lewa i ka lepo, ka wai a me ka uahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana, e like me ka brine uahi, nā kinoea ʻawaʻawa a me ka pauka maikaʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā mea hana, e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻano o ka corrosion i ka valve. Pono ka mea hoʻohana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka valve a hoʻopiha i nā manawa maʻamau e like me nā ʻōlelo o nā kaʻina hana, ʻo ia ke ana kūpono e kāohi ai i ka corrosion kaiapuni. ʻO ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi uhi pale ma ke kumu o ka valve, ka hoʻonoho ʻana i ka lepo ma luna o ka valve honua, a me ka pipi ʻana i ka pena ma ka ʻili o ka valve, ʻo ia nā ala āpau e pale aku ai i nā mea ʻino mai ka ʻānai ʻana i ka pahu.kiwikā.
ʻO ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela a me ka haumia o ka ea, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā mea hana a me nā kiwi i loko o kahi kaiapuni paʻa, e hoʻolalelale i kā lākou corrosion, a pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā hale hana a i ʻole nā ​​​​ventilation a me nā mea hoʻoluʻu e hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻino o ke kaiapuni.
9. E hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻenehana hana a me ka hoʻolālā valve
ʻO ka pale anti-corrosion o kakiwikāhe pilikia i noʻonoʻo ʻia mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, a ʻo kahi huahana valve me ka hoʻolālā kūpono kūpono a me ke ʻano kaʻina hana pololei e loaʻa i kahi hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ka corrosion o ka valve. No laila, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ka ʻoihana hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana kūpono ʻole i ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā, hewa ʻole i nā ʻano kaʻina hana a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka corrosion, i mea e hoʻololi ai iā lākou i nā koi o nā kūlana hana.